Communism in Cuba Positive or Negative for Its Citizens

Communism is a system of government in which the state plans and controls the economy and a single party holds power, claiming to make progress toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally shared by the people. The idea of communism started in the 19th century by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engals. When communism first started it was an idea of a society based on common ownership of property. That idea eventually turned political and communism turned into a government. There have been communist groups in Cuba since the early 1920’s and it eventually grew into the only political party in the country. Over the years there have been many debates on what is the goal of communism in Cuba. The majority of people believe that communism†¦show more content†¦The Cuban people have been under the harsh dictatorship of both Felgenico Batista and Fidel Castro. They both had very strict policies and gave the Cuban people limited or no freedom at all. Batista and Castro w ere similar but yet different. One major difference that they had was that Batista was friendly with the United States and he had respect for American interest. On the other hand Fidel Castro hasn’t been as friendly with the United States, so the U.S has a trade embargo that restricts and American company to do business with Cuba and also U.S citizens are prohibited from traveling to Cuba unless for special circumstances. Felgenico Batista While Felgenico Batista was running Cuba many American companies grew rich off of Cuban resources while the Cuban people remained poor. An American mobster named Meyer Lansky came to Cuba to open a hotel. The mobster gave Batista 10% of the profits of the hotel and casino, so Batista became wealthy off of that. Batista became very wealthy off of American business and also organized crime. Meyer Lansky also turned Havana into a drug port. Batista did very little to help the Cuban citizens. While running Cuba Batista did not offer the people neither health care nor education. So many Cubans lived in poverty. When they became ill they wouldn’t be able to go to a doctor because they wouldn’t be able to afford it. When Batista took over the country inShow MoreRelatedA Brief History of Cuba1225 Words   |  5 PagesCuba’s people were slaves, outraged slaves began to rebel with the intention to win independence from the Spanish. In April of 1898 Spa in and Cuba went to war with Americas involvement which resulted in the Treaty of Paris in August of 1898 where Spain ceded Puerto Rico, Philippines, Cuba, and Guam. On May 20, 1902 The United States of America allowed Cuba to gain its independence. The newly written constitution stated that the United States retained the right to intervene in Cuba’s affairs. In 1933Read MoreFidel Castro And The Cuban Revolution1367 Words   |  6 PagesHavana, Cuba, having overthrown corrupt dictator Fulgencio Batista the week earlier. 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McLaren Group of Companies Free Essays

string(82) " subsidiaries of the main company while others are completely separate companies\." Executive Summary The McLaren Group of Companies is often regarded as a â€Å"small conglomerate† as the company has several subsidiaries in related areas related to car business such as McLaren Applied Technologies, McLaren Electronics, and McLaren Marketing. However, one of the subsidiaries of the company is Absolute Taste which is a catering company and is one of the diverse businesses of the group separate from their car manufacturing business. McLaren Group caters to a niche market segment which is how it attempts to conquer the obstacles and market barriers prevalent in the mass car market. We will write a custom essay sample on McLaren Group of Companies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Moreover, the company adopts a medium level of diversification in its product portfolio as most of its businesses are interlinked or synergized while Absolute Taste and McLaren Automotives are slightly diverse. However, while operating in the contemporary business environment, McLaren Group operates on the historical perspective of diversification as it can be considered to be anti-competitive. Introduction and Background: The McLaren Group was created by Rob Dennis and is based at McLaren Technology Centre in Surrey, England. The company is now referred to as a â€Å"small conglomerate† and was initially established by a New Zealander by the name of Bruce McLaren in 1963. The company’s main focus is on the Vodafone McLaren Mercedes Formula One Racing Team. The McLaren Group now hopes to expand into manufacturing cars rather than just focusing on Formula One and has planned the launch of the McLaren P1, which is the successor to the McLaren F1. Recently, the group has diversified into other areas such as wind devices and other vehicles (McLaren, 2011). The McLaren group has several subsidiaries as it has recently diversified its operations into different areas. The subsidiaries include McLaren Racing which is one of the most successful teams prevalent and ranks second after Ferrari as the oldest active team, winning 182 races, 12 drivers’ championships, and 8 constructor’s championships. The second subsidiary is McLaren Electronic Systems which is also a member of the McLaren family and is a supplier to Vodafone McLaren Mercedes. McLaren Electronics is responsible for supplying the powertrain control system, software, sensors, components, and ECU’s for the Formula One car as well as other cars present in the Formula One group. McLaren Applied Technologies is responsible for creating technical applications for the McLaren group and also provides services to other teams in involved in sports activities, defence, other automotive sectors, and health and wellness sectors.. McLaren Marketing is another subsidiary of the McLaren group and is primarily responsible for the marketing and promotional activities of McLaren Racing. Another subsidiary of the McLaren group is Absolute Taste which caters to a different business segment than the other businesses of the McLaren group. Absolute Taste is based in London and is a catering company which caters to the needs of numerous private parties including parties of celebrities (McLaren, 2011). McLaren Automotive is not a subsidiary of the McLaren group but is a separate company altogether. The company is a high-end manufacturer of high performance vehicles. The company is in close collaboration with McLaren Racing and basically functions as a primary producer of the Formula One car. The new McLaren Production Centre has been opened near Woking in 2012 and is estimated to value at ?40 million. The production of the MP4-12 C sports car is due to reach a grand 4000 by 2015 (McLaren, 2011). As the company has diversified into various markets, there were various obstacles and strategies that the company had to conquer and implement. This report will focus upon the strategy the McLaren group implemented in order to enter the mass car market, define the level of diversification that the McLaren group implements, and discuss the McLaren Group’s approach to diversification compared to the historical perspective discussed by Guld and Luchs (1993). Market Entry Barriers in Mass Car Market: There are several market entry barriers in the mass car market as competition is high and there are many highly renowned firms competing for market share. However, as the McLaren Group has attempted to penetrate the car manufacturing market, they had to conquer many obstacles and market entry barriers. The McLaren Group was already rather popular in related market segments to car manufacturing such as the production of the Formula One racing car and McLaren Racing team. Thus, the company had relevant market experience as well as a market reputation to enable the company to gain consumer confidence. This was one of the methods in which the company was able to conquer the market entry barriers prevalent in the mass car market (Melvin, 2006). However, the fact also remains that the McLaren Group is manufacturing cars catering to a niche market segment and are not focusing on catering to the mass market. McLaren Group has produced a highly expensive premium vehicle which is not for ordinary use but is used by racers, collectors, and/or the elite class who are interested in buying a premium vehicle. Thus, the target market that McLaren Group is focusing upon is not interested in options such as Ford, General Motors, Honda, Toyota, or other alternatives. Hence, these brands are not substitutes for the vehicles made by the McLaren group. The McLaren Group is more focused upon producing street cars and competing with brands such as Lamborghini, Ferrari, and others. The McLaren Group’s main point of focus is performance and quality and thus they are able to charge a premium price (Melvin, 2006). Accordingly, the McLaren group is catering to a niche market segment instead of catering to the mass market. Thus, they are better able to deal with the pressure from competitors and attract a certain segment of customers towards their cars. This significantly reduces the level of competition that the McLaren Group has to deal with (Melvin, 2006). Level of Diversification: The McLaren Group has a number of businesses in various market segments which have all been mentioned above. Some of the businesses are operating as subsidiaries of the main company while others are completely separate companies. You read "McLaren Group of Companies" in category "Essay examples" However, when analyzing the level of diversification that the McLaren group incorporates into its portfolio mix, there are a number of considerations that must be made. First of all, it is important to note that previously large companies with many unrelated businesses were a source of high scrutiny in the past. Such businesses were highly criticized for being anti-competitive as they would expand into many areas of expertise and aim to force other competitors out of business. However, in recent times, such firms are accused of being uncompetitive as they do not add value across all of their businesses and are operating at a loss. Hence, in current times it is generally considered that diversified companies are not necessarily successful but may be highly unsuccessful if a high level of diversification is employed in the business (Goold Luchs, 1993). When considering the McLaren Group, it is evident that the company does have a portfolio mix which is diversified into various market segments such as electronics, technology, racing, catering, and car manufacturing. However, it is not completely evident that the McLaren Group has over- diversified into completely unrelated businesses and is not adding value to their business (Goold Luchs, 1993). The description of the subsidiary businesses mentions that businesses such as McLaren Applied Technologies, McLaren Electronics, and McLaren Marketing are all catering to the core business of McLaren Racing. While these businesses also apply their expertise in catering to the core business of McLaren Group, they have additional clients in the industry to which they cater to. Thus, they are benefitting their own business and gaining revenue from catering to other clients as well (Guuld Luchs, 1993). However, the McLaren Group is also diversified in a few markets such as in the catering market with their subsidiary Absolute Taste. While this business caters to the private catering needs of celebrities and serves food on private jets, this business is rather unrelated to the other subsidiaries of the McLaren Group which all cater to the electronic and technological needs of McLaren Racing. Hence, while all of the other subsidiaries of the group are related to cars and solutions related to the cars that the McLaren Group focuses upon, the business of Absolute Taste is not related to cars and is catering to a completely different area of business (Johnson et al, 2011). Accordingly, the level of diversification of the McLaren Group is complex as they are not completely catering to unrelated market segments but have some businesses which are not as closely linked or inter-linked with one another. The McLaren Group is regarded as a â€Å"small conglomerate† as a â€Å"conglomerate† refers to a company that operates in many unrelated businesses. Hence, it can be said that the McLaren Group does incorporate a medium level of diversification in their product portfolio (Johnson et al, 2007). Upon closer inspection, it can be concluded that the McLaren Group has opted to â€Å"stick to the knitting† as they have not diversified widely but have stuck to businesses they know best and where their expertise lies. However, the McLaren Gtoup does operate in different markets and requires different areas of expertise in its various businesses such as marketing, technical expertise, electronic expertise, and others. The expertise required in most of its businesses is related to cars although there are various types of skills required in each business. Nevertheless, most of the businesses in McLaren’s Group can be said to have stuck to the knitting and are not highly diversified as all are catering to the particular needs of cars. All of these businesses are interlinked except for Absolute Taste which is diverse from the other businesses of the McLaren Group (Johnson et al, 2011). It can also be said that the businesses of McLaren Group provide synergy with one another as they are all interrelated and provide skills and benefits to one another. McLaren Electronics works on finding electrical solutions to McLaren Racing, while McLaren Marketing seeks to perform the marketing and promotion activities of McLaren Racing. Hence, all of the businesses add value to one another and provide a combination of skills and benefits to one another. While this is a difficult model to implement, the McLaren Group seems to be implementing it quite effectively as the subsidiary companies perform tasks for the core company and also for other clients. Moreover, in this manner, the company is focusing upon its core competencies and strengthening them by horizontally integrating with other related businesses in order to strengthen and provide for the core business (Johnson et al, 2007). Hence, in conclusion, McLaren Group’s level of diversification can be labeled as medium as they are diversified into business which are mainly related to cars and provide synergy with one another. Their separate business which is not directly linked with their core business is Absolute Taste which is a catering company. McLaren’s Approach to Diversification: Previously, large diverse firms were regarded as â€Å"conglomerates† and it was considered that these firms were up to† no good† as they branched out into different markets and sought to drive out competition by catering to several different market needs themselves. Such firms were considered to be too big for their own good and were not seen as socially responsible or healthy firms as they were anti-competitive. They were termed as anti-competitive because they did not give other businesses a chance to compete with them and monopolized the market themselves. As monopolies are not considered healthy for consumers, such firms were previously perceived negatively (Karlsen, 2011). However, the contemporary perspective towards such firms is completely the opposite of the historical perspective as these firms are regarded as being up to â€Å"no good† because they are not adding value to themselves or to their other businesses. Hence, such firms are now regarded as uncompetitive (Karlsen, 2011). Accordingly, McLaren Group’s strategy toward diversification is in line with the historical perspective of diversification as the diversification strategy seems to be anti-competitive. The group seeks economies of scale and other benefits by providing all additional services in line with their core business themselves. Hence, they do not seem to be allowing other businesses to provide services for them and seem to be attempting to cover all aspects regarding their car-related business themselves. They provide technical applications, marketing solutions, and electrical solutions for their racing team and the cars they produce. Hence, while catering to other clients as well, they use their own company to perform the tasks related to the car-related business (Karlsen, 2011). Conclusion: From the analysis conducted, it is evident that the McLaren Group is not as diverse as some other companies are but is operating in a synergized environment which has many interlinked businesses providing benefits to one another. Hence, the McLaren Group can be termed as a â€Å"small conglomerate† and is operating according to the historical perspective of diversification. References Goold, M. And Luchs, K. (1993) ‘Why diversifyFour decades of management thinking.† Academy of Management Executive. Vol. 7:3, pp.7-25 Johnson, G., Scholes, K. and Whittington, R. (2011). Fundamentals of Strategy. Prentice Hall Karlsen, O. (2011) â€Å"Racing Towards Sustainability: Formula One and Corporate Social Responsibility†. Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Student Thesis. McLaren (2011) McLaren Official Website. [online] Accessed on: March 16, 2013 Available at: http://www.mclaren.com/ Melvin, J. (2006) McLaren Technology Centre. Architectural Design. Vol. 76:1 pp.110-113 How to cite McLaren Group of Companies, Essay examples

Ancient Peruvian Ceramics Of The North Coast Essay Example For Students

Ancient Peruvian Ceramics Of The North Coast Essay The first pottery pieces found in Peru were made somewhere between 1500 and 1000 b. p. The pieces were found in the central Andean region where a religious cult lived. This cult was called ChavÃÆ'Â ­n, after the best known ceremonial center, ChavÃÆ'Â ­n de HuÃÆ'Â ¡ntar. The religious center was the home to massive temples that were highly embellished with low relief sculptures of gods, animals, and symbols. The pottery found in the area where vessels that were well made and highly decorated with a similar motif as the temples. But the evolution of Peruvian pottery becomes somewhat confusing and complex after this first civilization of potters. There is a division of people into the North Coast and the South Coast. The split created two styles of pottery, although similar, they never quite merge. I am only going to talk about the north coast traditions. On the North coast there are five cultures that evolve into the dominant Mochica style, which was one of the most vigorous and prosperous cultures of Ancient Peru. The next earliest North Coast style, other than the ChavÃÆ'Â ­n, started with the Cupisnique people in the Chicama valley. Their ceramics closely resembled those of highland ChavÃÆ'Â ­n. They were well made and polished, though somewhat thick walled and heavy. The type of firing used produced a dark semireduced ware that varied from brownish gray to carbon black in color. Decoration consisted of bold, curvilinear human, feline, and birds of pray heads, eye patterns, pelt markings, and other brief symbols of geometric devices. In the valley to the south of the Cupisnique were the Salinar people who sometime during the fifth century b. p. oved into the north coast of Peru and spread its influence throughout the Cupisnique area. Salinar pottery, though deceptively primitive in ornamentation, was technologically superior to that of the Cupisnique. Vessels were made of well-prepared clays that were fully oxidized in firing, making them an even orange color. Cream and red slips were used to accentuate sculptural forms and create flat geometric patterns, but not to draw figurative motifs. The technical advances of the controlled oxidation firing and slip decoration soon had their effect on contemporary Cupisnique ceramics. Personally, I enjoyed the bottle forms they used with their double strap handles that lead from the shoulder of the forms to the one central spout. see figures 1 and 2. This style of vessel seems to continue throughout the centuries. Three other cultures in north coast valleys contributed their pottery style to the over all Cusisnique style that was evolving into the Mochica style. These people were the Gallinazo, Recuay, and VicÃÆ'Â ºs. The Gallinazo constructed double chamber vessels with whistle spouts and a type of decoration called negative decoration where they painted their simple designs on after the pieces were fired. The Recuay also had double chamber vessels but these had one functioning spout and one sculpted, usually an animal or figure. They also used negative decoration but theirswere much more elaborate designs than the Gallinazo vessels. The VicÃÆ'Â ºs lived in the highlands on the Ecuadorian border. They made very sculptural vessels with a stirrup handle and central spout. see figures 3, 4, and 5 Although a hand full of VicÃÆ'Â ºs artifacts have been found, not much is known about these people, but one can see a visible connection between all of these different cultures and the Mochica style that evolved out of them. The Mochica civilization flourished for nearly 1000 years and as time passed slight changes in the style could be seen and are chronologically separated into Mochica I-V. The first two are formative phases with lots of experimentation. The third concentrated on a distinctive art style, which continued through the forth and gradually declined in the fifth. They expressed many aspects of their culture and daily life in their ceramics. Things like warriors, runners people who run bags of beans were important to the ceremonial life, portraits, religion, gods, and animals were shown on vessels. .u91168eb4db8d443f42b6c03c485f9ee2 , .u91168eb4db8d443f42b6c03c485f9ee2 .postImageUrl , .u91168eb4db8d443f42b6c03c485f9ee2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u91168eb4db8d443f42b6c03c485f9ee2 , .u91168eb4db8d443f42b6c03c485f9ee2:hover , .u91168eb4db8d443f42b6c03c485f9ee2:visited , .u91168eb4db8d443f42b6c03c485f9ee2:active { border:0!important; } .u91168eb4db8d443f42b6c03c485f9ee2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u91168eb4db8d443f42b6c03c485f9ee2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u91168eb4db8d443f42b6c03c485f9ee2:active , .u91168eb4db8d443f42b6c03c485f9ee2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u91168eb4db8d443f42b6c03c485f9ee2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u91168eb4db8d443f42b6c03c485f9ee2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u91168eb4db8d443f42b6c03c485f9ee2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u91168eb4db8d443f42b6c03c485f9ee2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u91168eb4db8d443f42b6c03c485f9ee2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u91168eb4db8d443f42b6c03c485f9ee2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u91168eb4db8d443f42b6c03c485f9ee2 .u91168eb4db8d443f42b6c03c485f9ee2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u91168eb4db8d443f42b6c03c485f9ee2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Major works in ancient history EssayMochica I was a strong continuation of the late Cupisnique sculptural style. The forms are compact with little suggestion of action, and details are often rendered in incised lines. Faces are generalized, but individual personages are differentiated by costume and accessories, and by distinctive physical traits. The style was not very elaborate. Some slip painting was done and the simple designs were sometimes accented by incised lines. The designs are similar to those of the Salinar, but they sometimes used the geometric designs of the Recuay. In Mochica II they mastered the art of slip decoration and oxidation firing. The ornamentation continued to stay predominantly geometric with some figurative motifs. They did have some relief-decorated ceramics which incorporated two concave sections made in the same mold, usually joined by a bread band of clay into which the stirrup spout was inserted. This mold technique is first type seen in this culture. figure 6 It continues to be used for all sculptural vessels. Sometimes the vessels would require two or more molds, some they used one mold twice. For highly ornamented vessels they would add headdresses and arms after the vessel was assembled and before it was fired. The Mochica III style used much more modeling of the forms and began to lean towards more realistic representations. They began to create highly polished black reduction wares. The oxidized orange ware with cream and red slip decoration was also being used in conjunction with the black ware. This was also the time in history when the Mochica peoples moved out of Moche and Chicama valleys and began to dominate neighboring groups by either military or religious conquests. By the Mochica IV period they had an extensive kingdom established and it brought together the peoples of all the north coast valleys. The ceramics were decorated in flowing, expressive lines and the modeled vessels showed attention to individual detailed ornamentation. But the creative flow in the ceramic styles was hindered somewhat because of a strict militant rule of the warrior-priest class that was beginning. Yet this was still the most creative time for the Mochica people. The final period in Mochica ceramics, due to a collapse of the culture, brought an abrupt termination of the great art tradition that it had expressed so well. The vessels found from this period show a carelessness in painting designs, and less attention to details in the sculptural forms. Many of the figures modeled in to the vessels were warriors dressed for combat. The decline in quality that can be observed, and the nervousness and tension that were expressed in their designs and forms was related to the pressure from the militant expansionist group, the Wari. The struggle between the Mochica and the Wari, was long and fierce, ending in a total collapse of their culture and a loss a 1200 year ceramic tradition.